The TxN group consisted of treatment-naïve actively drinking alcohol dependent individuals, 37 women and 49 men, ranging in age from 20 to 50 years (mean = 31.2 years). NAC for the TxN study consisted of 30 women and 40 men ranging in age from 19 to 50 years (mean = 32.3 years). TxN participants met DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 2000) criteria for current alcohol dependence.