A gene-based analysis was conducted using multivariate Set-Based Association Test (Mbat-combo)19 within GCTA version 1.94.114. The European subsample (n = 503 individuals) from Phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project96 was used as the LD reference panel with the fastBAT default LD cut-off of 0.9 applied. After filtering SNPs with MAF > 0.01, there were 6,629,124 SNPs for analysis in our sample. A gene list consisting of 19,899 protein coding genes was used to map the base pair position of genes using genome build hg19 (see Supplementary Note 7 for details).
