COGA’s COVID-19 questionnaires included 33 COVID-19-related stress and coping activities items. Assessment items covered perceived stresses, social disconnection, relationship quality, COVID-19 illness in the respondents and their family members (including prolonged hospitalization or death due to COVID-19 illness), economic hardships resulting from the pandemic (e.g., job loss, loss of household income, food insecurity), and coping strategies as shown in Supplementary Table 1. In our full analytic sample, the reliability of the items included in the COVID-19 questionnaires was good (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.82). To capture the shared variance represented by these items and to reduce the multiple test burden (i.e., reduce the number of independent variables and accordingly tests of association included in statistical models), each item in Supplementary Table 1 was entered into an exploratory factor analysis. Items were recoded such that higher values represented an endorsement of each stressor or coping activity. Change in frequency of drunkenness since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was determined using a retrospective question asking if/how current alcohol use differed from the participant’s typical frequency of drunkenness prior to March 1, 2020 (“Compared
