PPARα has been implicated in inflammation (Cunard et al., 2002; Staels et al., 1998). PPARα null mice showed a prolonged inflammation in response to leukotriene B4 (Devchand et al., 1996). PPARα agonists exert anti-inflammatory actions in a variety of inflammatory diseases (Okamoto et al., 2005; Tanaka et al., 2001), including CNS diseases (reviewed in Drew et al., 2006; Heneka and Landreth, 2007; Bright et al., 2008). For instance, gemfibrozil and fenofibrate improved neurological signs in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (Lovett-Racke et al., 2004). These effects of PPARα agonists required PPARα expression (Gocke et al., 2009).
