The first set of analyses were aimed at determining, during the placebo/saline condition, whether the degree of phase locking within and between electrodes locations was higher following the rare (target) tone as compared to the frequent (non-target) tone. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons was used to determine if the values for PLI and PDLI for the three electrode locations in the human and rat (human: FZ, CZ, PZ), (rat: frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, amygdala) were higher following the rare (target) stimuli as compared to the frequent (non-target tone) within the ROI frequencies and time intervals. The second question focused on whether significant effects of ethanol compared to placebo/saline could be detected on PDLI and PLI values within the time frequency ROI’s following the rare tone in humans and rats. To address this question, ANOVA was conducted with PDLI and PLI values as dependent variables comparing drug condition (ethanol, placebo) for the defined time frequency ROI’s. The third hypothesized question focused on whether differences in response to ethanol as indexed by PLI and PDLI values