To examine whether the limited time-varying effects of parent alcoholism was due to moderating gender differences, we included cross-level interactions between the child’s gender and the time-varying effects of mothers’ and fathers’ alcohol-related symptoms (see Model 2, Table 2). However, no gender differences were found. In addition, no interactions between parents’ lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism and either the time-varying or proximal effects of parents’ alcohol-related symptoms predicted father’s report of the child’s externalizing symptoms (Models 3 and 4, not shown).
