to confirm suspected loci. In addition, at the identified loci, we tested the association of the celiac loci with dermatitis herpetiformis and microscopic colitis. Dermatitis herpetiformis is regarded as an alternative phenotypic expression of gluten-sensitive enteropathy, with little known about the genetic contribution to this phenotype. Microscopic colitis may coexist with celiac disease and is a frequent cause of persistent diarrhea in such patients.