Only alcohol-exposed subjects were included. We studied AD (by DSM-IV criterion count), maximum number of alcoholic beverages taken in any 24-hour period over the subject’s lifetime (MAXDRINKS), and flushing. Phenotype definitions were as follows: DSM-IV criterion count was defined as the sum of DSM-IV AD symptoms, up to 7 (AD-CrC). Subjects with missing values for AD criteria were excluded.MAXDRINKS was defined by Thai SSADDA item E4_TotDrnk. Values >100 were set to 100 (to account for inflated and potentially spurious MAXDRINKS estimates) and were log transformed for analyses.Flushing was defined by Thai SSADDA item E2A_1_BlushA, which translates to: ‘While drinking, has one or two drinks of alcohol ever caused you to flush or blush--that is, your face and hands felt hot and your face turned red?’ Subjects who answered ‘yes’ were classified as affected, and those answered ‘no’ were classified as unaffected.
