connectivity across these regions were relatively weaker in AUD (i.e., hypoconnectivity) than controls, these results may suggest a weaker or fractured connectivity of the prefrontal nodes with other cortical regions. It is well-established that the prefrontal cortex, which is highly interconnected with other cortical and subcortical regions [135], is known to mediate a range of higher-order brain functions, viz., executive functions, inhibitory control, emotional regulation, and working memory [136,137]. Therefore, a weaker prefrontal connectivity in AUD individuals may indicate higher-order cognitive deficits, which could be due to their chronic, excessive drinking resulting in disruption in the brain structure, physiology, and function [4,138]. Alcohol dependent patients have shown a variety of prefrontal lobe abnormalities [8,9], including that of executive functions [139], prefrontal volume loss [140,141] and reduced blood flow in the prefrontal areas [142,143]. In the same groups of subjects as the current study, we examined fMRI FC of the DMN and found that AUD group showed hyperconnectivity within frontal regions while showing hypoconnectivity across long-range interhemispheric and anterior-posterior connections. Although frontal hypoconnectivity in EEG and hyperconnectivity in fMRI as manifested by AUD are seemingly contradictory, it is quite possible in the context of biophysical basis of the two modalities with
