For the GWAS, we perform linear regression analyses of the three (untransformed) continuous, medication-adjusted BP traits (SBP, DBP, PP) for all measured and imputed genetic variants in dosage format using SNPTEST software65 under an additive genetic model. We carry out a similar analysis for the exome content. Quantile-quantile plots are shown in Supplementary Fig. 16. Each analysis includes the following covariates: sex, age, age2, body mass index, top ten PCs and a binary indicator variable for UK Biobank vs UK BiLEVE to adjust for the different genotyping chips. We also run an association analysis within UKB for validated BP SNVs and hypertension using logistic regression under an additive model with adjustments as above. There are 76,554 hypertensive cases and the 64,384 remaining participants are treated as non-hypertensive controls. This sample size is slightly larger than the N=140,866 used in the main analyses, since participants with only one BP measurement, but with reported BP-lowering medication, could be included as hypertensive.
