Neither of our primary measures gave genomewide significant evidence for linkage (Table 1). Table 2 summarizes genetic association results, for primary HOD and AUD-FS measures and for AD-FS and individual consumption measures, tabulating lowest observed p-values, and effect sizes (genetic variance explained by each SNP under an additive model, for SNPs with nominal associations at p<.0001 or less). No SNPs reached genomewide significance, with lowest p-values for our primary measures being 1.2E-7 for HOD, and 7.2E-7 for AUD. Effect sizes were consistently small, half a percent or less. Out of the top 400 SNPs, ranked by p-value for association with HOD, 65% had effect sizes of less than 0.25% of the variance (but greater or equal to 0.20%), and only 7.5% had effect sizes greater than 0.3%, with a median effect size of 0.23% (not shown); while for AUD-FS the median effect size among the top 400 SNPs was 0.18% (range 0.16–0.35%), with 94% of these top SNPs having effect sizes less than 0.25%.
