Extensive epidemiological data have been collected through both a Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) to capture the major risk factors for lung cancer and a self-administered questionnaire to address behavioral aspects possibly associated with smoking persistence and diet (questionnaires are available on the EAGLE website). In particular, data on tobacco smoking included information on number of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and cigarillos per day averaged over lifetime and in the last year, age at initiation/quit, quitting attempts and time between attempts, inhalation habits, cigarette/cigar brand, passive smoking during childhood, at workplace and at home during adulthood. Moreover, we collected data on tobacco smoking in first-degree relatives. To explore the determinants of smoking persistence we also added key behavioral rating scales including the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) [14], nicotine withdrawal [15], knowledge about smoking effects, Beck's Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [16], alcohol dependence, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), and the Short-Form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire [17]. A limited food frequency questionnaire evaluated diet for specific variables of interest: vegetables, fresh and dry fruit, ham, salami, and other
