Gene-based association, enrichment analysis for molecular pathways, Gene Ontologies (GO) annotations and tissue-specific transcriptomic profiles were conducted using the MAGMA tool27 implemented in the FUMA platform28. Information regarding molecular pathways and GO annotations was derived from MsigDB v6.229. Tissue-specific transcriptomic profiles were derived from GTEx V730 and BrainSpan31. A Bonferroni multiple testing correction was used to control for the number of tests conducted in each enrichment analysis. GTEx data were also used to verify whether the GWS loci identified affect the transcriptomic regulation of the surrounding genes. To evaluate the effect across multiple tissues, we considered multi-tissue expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data. These were calculated using Meta-Tissue 32. This meta-analytic approach calculates a posterior probability (m value) that an effect exists in each of the tissues tested assuming that the eQTL effect is consistent across the affected tissues. M values>0.9 indicate that the tissue was predicted to show the eQTL association.
