Leveraging genome-wide data to investigate differences between opioid use vs. opioid dependence in 41,176 individuals from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.
- Authors
- Polimanti, Renato; Walters, Raymond K; Johnson, Emma C; McClintick, Jeanette N; Adkins, Amy E; Adkins, Daniel E; Bacanu, Silviu-Alin; Bierut, Laura J; Bigdeli, Tim B; Brown, Sandra; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Copeland, William E; Costello, E Jane; Degenhardt, Louisa; Farrer, Lindsay A; Foroud, Tatiana M; Fox, Louis; Goate, Alison M; Grucza, Richard; Hack, Laura M; Hancock, Dana B; Hartz, Sarah M; Heath, Andrew C; Hewitt, John K; Hopfer, Christian J; Johnson, Eric O; Kendler, Kenneth S; Kranzler, Henry R; Krauter, Kenneth; Lai, Dongbing; Madden, Pamela A F; Martin, Nicholas G; Maes, Hermine H; Nelson, Elliot C; Peterson, Roseann E; Porjesz, Bernice; Riley, Brien P; Saccone, Nancy; Stallings, Michael; Wall, Tamara L; Webb, Bradley T; Wetherill, Leah; Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup; Edenberg, Howard J; Agrawal, Arpana; Gelernter, Joel
- Year
- 2020
- Journal
- Molecular psychiatry
- PMID
- 32099098
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41380-020-0677-9
- PMCID
- PMC7392789
To provide insights into the biology of opioid dependence (OD) and opioid use (i.e., exposure, OE), we completed a genome-wide analysis comparing 4503 OD cases, 4173 opioid-exposed controls, and 32,500 opioid-unexposed controls, including participants of European and African descent (EUR and AFR, respectively). Among the variants identified, rs9291211 was associated with OE (exposed vs. unexposed controls; EUR zβ=β-5.39, pβ=β7.2βΓβ10). This variant regulates the transcriptomic profiles of SLC30A9 and BEND4 in multiple brain tissues and was previously associated with depression, alcohol consumption, and neuroticism. A phenome-wide scan of rs9291211 in the UK Biobank (Nβ>β360,000) found association of this variant with propensity to use dietary supplements (pβ=β1.68βΓβ10). With respect to the same OE phenotype in the gene-based analysis, we identified SDCCAG8 (EURβ+βAFR zβ=β4.69, pβ=β10), which was previously associated with educational attainment, risk-taking behaviors, and schizophrenia. In addition, rs201123820 showed a genome-wide significant difference between OD cases and unexposed controls (AFR zβ=β5.55, pβ=β2.9βΓβ10) and a significant association with musculoskeletal disorders in the UK Biobank (pβ=β4.88βΓβ10). A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on a GWAS of risk-tolerance (nβ=β466,571) was positively associated with OD (OD vs. unexposed controls, pβ=β8.1βΓβ10; OD cases vs. exposed controls, pβ=β0.054) and OE (exposed vs. unexposed controls, pβ=β3.6βΓβ10). A PRS based on a GWAS of neuroticism (nβ=β390,278) was positively associated with OD (OD vs. unexposed controls, pβ=β3.2βΓβ10; OD vs. exposed controls, pβ=β0.002) but not with OE (pβ=β0.67). Our analyses highlight the difference between dependence and exposure and the importance of considering the definition of controls in studies of addiction.
Regional Manhattan plots of the genetic association identified: rs201123820 in the African-ancestry ODunexposed GWAS meta-analysis (A); rs92911211 in the European-ancestry OEcontrols GWAS meta-analysis (B); rs12461856 in the trans-ancestry OEcontrols GWAS meta-analysis (C).
Significant tissue enrichments identified in the African-ancestry ODunexposed meta-analysis (A); the trans-ancestry ODunexposed GWAS meta-analysis (B), and the European-ancestry OEcontrols GWAS meta-analysis (C).
Manhattan plot of the phenome-wide scan conducted in the UK Biobank with respect to rs12461856, rs201123820, and rs9291211 (bottom, center, and upper panels, respectively). As indicated in the legend, the phenotypic categories are color coded. Red dashed line indicates the significance threshold accounting for the number of variants and phenotypes tested (FDR q < 0.05).
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