Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder, that affects around 5% of children and adolescents and 2.5% of adults worldwide1. ADHD is often persistent and markedly impairing with increased risk of harmful outcomes such as injuries2, traffic accidents3, increased health care utilization4,5, substance abuse6, criminality7, unemployment8, divorce4, suicide9, AIDS risk behaviors8, and premature mortality10. Epidemiologic and clinical studies implicate genetic and environmental risk factors that affect the structure and functional capacity of brain networks involved in behavior and cognition1, in the etiology of ADHD.
