Three recent studies utilizing data from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (MOAFTS) and the Missouri Family Study have shown that the influence of childhood trauma on SUD differs among AA and White women (Sartor et al. 2015; Werner et al. 2016a, b). Werner and colleagues found that childhood physical and sexual abuse were associated with the transition from alcohol initiation to DSM-V alcohol use disorder (AUD) among Whites, but not among AAs (Werner et al. 2016a). Another study (Werner et al. 2016b) showed that childhood physical abuse predicted transition from cannabis initiation to DSM-IV cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms among Whites, but not among AAs. Further, this study revealed different psychiatric predictors for cannabis initiation and the transition to DSM-IV CUD diagnosis among White and AA participants. Given the relatively small number of AA participants in the MOAFTS (N = 554, ~21% exposed to sexual abuse and ~47% exposed to physical abuse, ~25% with AUD or CUD), the null association observed among AAs may relate to a lack of statistical power. Alternatively, distinct etiologic models of SUDs could be
