Trait and disease associated SNPs were extracted from the NHGRI catalog of published GWAS at http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies/ on July 30th 2011. Analyses were restricted to the following criteria: discovery p-value < 5E − 08, initial sample size > 1000 (or 1000 cases in binomial analyses), replication sample size > 500 (or 500 cases in binomial analyses), number of SNPs > 100,000, samples of European ancestry and risk allele frequency of SNP(s) greater or equal to 0.01.