All of Us is an observational cohort study of diverse, adult (age ≥ 18) participants, intended to be representative of the United States with the goal of studying the effects of lifestyle, environment, and genomics to improve health outcomes40,41,59. Data collection began in May 2018 and is ongoing. Participants are recruited through health care organizations, other community enrollment sites, or by enrolling directly online. Participants give informed consent and complete a basic health survey online and are then invited to undergo a physical examination and to provide a biospecimen at an affiliated health care site. If consent is provided, additional information is collected by linking participants’ electronic health records (EHR) and by completing periodic surveys assessing lifestyle, wellbeing, physical health, and behavior. Participants in release 7 (May 6, 2018 to February 23, 2023) with linked EHR and whole genome sequencing data were included in the current study.
