We previously observed that Ascl1 alone can generate glutamatergic iN cells from fibroblasts and ES cells, and it induces endogenous MYT1L expression14. We thus speculated that AD may be sufficient to induce GABAergic iN cells. While AD-induced cells displayed less complex morphology during the early stage, the morphology improved over time and was comparable to that of AMD-iN cells by day 6 after transgene expression (Fig. 2a). Indeed, qPCR analysis demonstrated that endogenous MYT1L and its family members MYT1 and ST18 were induced around day 4 (Fig. 2b). MYT1L protein persisted in AD-iN cells for at least 5 weeks (Fig. 2c).