Improvement of impaired PAC in ID patients after active rTMS. (a) Differences in PAC before and after active rTMS treatment (post minus pre), pink rectangles highlighted windows with significantly different PAC values before and after treatment using the cluster‐based permutation test (p corrected <.01) (Figure S3). (b) Differences in PAC values between ID patients and GSC. Histograms showed differences in PAC values of ID patients before and after active rTMS treatment. (c) Spatial distribution of electrodes where PAC were significantly difference. International standard 10‐20 EEG electrode distribution map showing significant differences in PAC electrode distribution in the vicinity of rTMS stimulation (yellow lightning represented stimulation target: F3). (d) Correlation between PAC values and sleep quality at baseline. Pearson correlation demonstrated that PAC values of F3, Fz, Cz, and T3 electrodes exhibited significant negative correlations with PSQI and ISI scores at baseline (ns = not significant, *p < .05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).
