Post-hoc analyses further evaluated the effects on INT and EXT at each level of 9/11 exposure. Compared to those unexposed, participants had increased risk on the EXT dimension if they indirectly experienced 9/11 (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) or had a close friend or relative directly impacted by 9/11 (β = 0.15, p < 0.001), but not if they directly experienced 9/11. Compared to those unexposed to 9/11, participants had increased risk on the INT dimension if they indirectly experienced 9/11 (β = 0.11, p < 0.001), had a close friend or relative directly impacted by 9/11 (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), or if they had directly experienced the events of 9/11 (β = 0.29, p < 0.001). The association between indirect exposure to 9/11 and EXT was greater among those who experienced childhood maltreatment than those who did not (Fig. 2a). The association between indirect and direct exposure to 9/11 and INT was greater among those who experienced childhood maltreatment than those who did not (Fig. 2b); Interaction effects on INT between childhood maltreatment and 9/11 were
