For testing for a difference in the proportion of cell states in individuals with AUD, the mean proportion of cells in each cluster were calculated for each sample, and an ANOVA was performed to determine if the mean proportion significantly changed in samples from individuals with AUD as compared to those without. Age, sex, and ethnic origin were used as covariates. For this test, we removed samples with fewer than 50 cells of the cell type being tested, as these samples contain very few cells of each subcluster and thus their mean is more unreliable.