2007] using a set of unrelated subjects (355 EA and 384 AA subjects were randomly selected, one per family). Any SNP that had a genotyping rate ≤0.95, a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤0.1, or was not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P≤0.01) was excluded from the analysis. We used PedCheck [O’Connell and Weeks, 1998] and Merlin [Abecasis et al., 2002] to identify Mendelian inconsistencies. We used the Merlin “—error” option to detect error-prone genotypes based on the estimated probability of double-crossover events. The Pedigree Relationship Statistical Test (PREST) [McPeek and Sun, 2000] was applied to verify family relationships.
