The measures of parental psychopathology included the five most commonly occurring disorders found in previous research to be associated with a wide range of suicidal behaviors17, 18: major depressive episode, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, substance dependence, and antisocial personality disorder. These parent disorders were assessed with respondent reports using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC) Interview38 and its expansion.39 We also assessed parent history of attempted and completed suicides.
