Ten right-handed male patients with schizophrenia (mean age 30.9±5.0 years) were examined (Table 1). The patients were diagnosed according to DSM-Ⅳ-TR criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2000); five were inpatients and five were outpatients who had been medicated with neuroleptics for 2–15 years. Their overall psychopathology was evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia (PANSS). All patients were screened by medical history, laboratory testing, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT. Ten healthy right-handed male volunteers (mean age 28.5±4.6) without psychiatric illness were used as controls. All subjects gave written informed consent after receiving oral and written explanations of the nature of the study.
