implement a fixed effects models approach as it is generally preferable for the purposes of initial discovery, where the aim is to screen and identify as many of the true variants as possible.45,46 SNPs present in less than three studies were removed from the meta-analysis yielding ~ 2.2 million SNPs in the final results. Genomic inflation factors (λ) were 1.11, 1.09, 1.06 for FN-BMD BMD (Pooled, women-only, and men-only analyses, respectively) and 1.13, 1.09, 1.06 for LS-BMD (Pooled, women-only, and men-only analyses, respectively). A second GC correction was applied to the overall meta-analysis results, although such second correction is considered overly conservative.47 Significance for BMD association was set at P<5×10−8 while a Bonferroni correction was used for the association with fracture.48
