MTL was responsible for the conception and design of this study and the study management, oversaw all aspects of the study including patients and controls recruitment, funding, quality control of the data, data analysis and interpretation, and manuscript writing; DC participated in the design and management of the study, and designed and implemented all the infrastructures for lung cancer cases' enrollment, and related weekly reports and quality control procedures; MRo participated in all study analyses and database implementation; AWB participated in the conception and design of the study, laboratory procedures, analytical strategies and questionnaire on behavioral traits; AMG, JHL, LG and MA participated in the study design, analytical strategies, and management, and verified the quality control of each procedural step; GM participated in the study design and development of the material for the collection of data on smoking exposure; AFS participated in the study design and developed the food-frequency questionnaire; IL reviewed pathological material to confirm the diagnosis of lung cancer and histologic classification; FP designed and developed the database and portal for the study; MC and MRu coordinated all
