The current study demonstrates that substance-naïve youth with a family history of alcohol use disorders show weaker frontoparietal connectivity, which could be a neurobiological marker for alcohol use disorders and is suggestive of a neurodevelopmental delay among FHP youth. Although functional connectivity alterations were evident, substance-naïve youths did not exhibit white matter structural differences in areas underlying frontoparietal circuitry. These findings have important implications for intervention and prevention programs, as it may be possible to increase functional connectivity through cognitive training, such as working memory and attention tasks used in cognitive remediation. Cognitive remediation, specifically restorative approaches, addresses neurocognitive and neurobiological deficits through repeated practice, which encourages the simultaneous firing or excitation of neurons within a network, and consequently, strengthens the connection within the network (Hebb, 1949). Given “Hebb’s Rule” indicating neurons that “fire together, wire together,” we theorize that cognitive training could affect frontoparietal connectivity by encouraging co-activation of neurons in areas underlying working memory and executive cognitive functions like the frontoparietal network. Future studies using a longitudinal approach should examine mediating and moderating factors of frontoparietal connectivity across
