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Chunk #35 — 4. DISCUSSION

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NKAIN1-SERINC2 is a functional, replicable and genome-wide significant risk gene region specific for alcohol dependence in subjects of European descent.
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NKAIN1-SERINC2 might influence alcohol dependence by interacting with other genes too. For instance, in the present study, we found that the transcript expression of NKAIN1 was regulated by TMEM178, CRY1, PSKH2 and KDM4B, and the transcript expression of SERINC2 was regulated by SORBS2. Although the role of these regulatory genes in alcohol dependence is unknown, some of them were implicated in other mental illnesses (Miyagawa et al., 2008), as summarized in Table S6 18. Additionally, expression of NKAIN1-SERINC2 transcripts was significantly correlated with expression of numerous alcoholism-related genes, including those in the dopaminergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, histaminergic, endocannabinoid, metabolic, neuropeptide and opoid systems (Chang et al., 2002; Oroszi et al., 2005; Ehringer et al., 2007; Zuo et al., 2007; Lind et al., 2009; Edenberg et al., 2010; McHugh et al., 2010). NKAIN1-SERINC2 is 2.5Mb from OPRD1 and expression of their transcripts was significantly correlated (Table S419) [A marker located between NKAIN1-SERINC2 and OPRD1, i.e., rs1009080 at PTPRU, has been associated with schizophrenia (p=2.5×10−6) by a recent GWAS (Ripke et al., 2011)]. These findings suggest that NKAIN1-SERINC2 may also be