identified such significant SNPs (Liu et al., 2010; Thorgeirsson et al., 2010; Tobacco and Genetics Consortium, 2010). In the present study, we selected 11 genomewide significant SNPs associated with CPD, smoking initiation and smoking cessation/current smoking and examined: (a) whether they were associated with equivalent cigarette smoking measures in European-American subjects from an independent sample, Study of Addictions Genes and Environment (SAGE); and (b) whether the same SNPs were associated with cannabis use, current use and DSM-IV cannabis abuse/dependence in SAGE, especially after accounting for comorbid cigarette smoking .
