Participants were recruited from the DNHS (n=1547), a longitudinal cohort of predominately African American men and women adults (18+) living in Detroit, Michigan using procedures described in more detail elsewhere40 (Supplementary Figure 1). Participants were administered a 40-min assessment, which included demographic variables including self-identified race, sex and age, as well as questions on psychopathology, substance use, neighborhood influences and exposure to traumatic events. Assessments were administered using structured telephone interviews, and each participant received $25 for their participation in the survey. Respondents were also asked to provide blood specimen by way of venipuncture (or by way of saliva when blood was unavailable, n=125) and received an additional $25 if they elected to do so. A total of 778 DNA samples were collected from consenting participants. Of these 778 individuals, ages ranged from 18–95 years (mean (M) =52.65, s.d. =16.38) and 57.7% were female. When asked how they would describe their racial backgrounds, 82.5% endorsed Black/African American, with the remainder of the sample endorsing Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native. To reduce stratification, only those who described their backgrounds as
