Two examples of positive findings of synteny were observed in the present study. Alcohol withdrawal QTLs on distal mouse chromosome 1 affecting withdrawal after acute and chronic ethanol exposure (Alcw1and Alcdp1, respectively, Buck et al., 1997, 2002) were found to be syntenic to human chromosome 1q23.2-23.3 (Kozell et al., 2008). Two human studies have identified alcohol dependence QTLs (LODs >3) on 1q (Dick et al., 2002; Hill et al., 2004), with additional studies providing supporting evidence for association of 1q markers with alcoholism (Aragaki et al., 1999; Turecki et al., 1999; Guerrini et al., 2005). A third human QTL for tobacco usage has also been identified in this same region (Ehlers et al., 2006). In the second example, a QTL on human chromosome 15 for alcohol dependence severity/withdrawal (Dick et al., 2002; Ehlers et al., 2004) was found to map to a region on mouse chromosome 9 where multiple studies have found QTLs for alcohol preference (Phillips et al., 1994, 1998; Tarantino et al., 1998). It is of interest in both of these cases that while the QTLs were found
