yielded mixed results. Three studies found an increase in cigarette price/tax associated with an increase in alcohol use; though one of these focused only on spirits and another focused on adults age 51 years and above (Decker & Schwartz, 2000; Goel & Morey, 1995; Picone et al., 2004). Another study found that effects of increases in cigarette prices on alcohol use differ by age, with increases in prevalence of current drinking but decreases in binge drinking among adults aged 65 and older, and decreases in drinking among adults age 18–20 years (McLellan et al., 2012). Most recently, Young-Wolff et al. (2014) examined data from a U.S. longitudinal U.S. study and found greater reductions in typical quantity of alcohol consumption and frequency of binge drinking among smokers in states that increased cigarette taxes compared to states that did not.
