Alcohol expectancies were measured at baseline by the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire (CEOA; Fromme, Stroot, & Kaplan, 1993). The CEOA consists of 20 positive and 18 negative expectancy items. Positive alcohol expectancies included items related to tension reduction, sexuality, liquid courage, and sociability factors. Example items from each factor, respectively, are “I would feel calm”, “I would be a better lover”, “I would be courageous”, and “I would act sociable.” Students responded on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from “disagree” to “agree.” We administered only eight positive expectancy items out of the original 20 positive items in order to lessen the burden of students filling out a lengthy questionnaire (the two items with the highest factor loadings from each of the four factors; Fromme et al., 1993). The eight items were averaged to create a positive alcohol expectancy score. Higher positive expectancy scores reflect stronger beliefs that consuming alcohol would result in positive effects for the participant (α = .73 at baseline).
