Subjects who were grouped based on a lifetime cannabis-dependence diagnosis (n = 50) or as controls (n = 50) differed in relation to affect and temperamental traits as reported on the PANAS and ZKPQ. Our study focused on Impulsive Risk Taking and Neuroticism-Anxiety subscales of the ZKPQ which we used as a temperamental proneness to poor inhibitory control as well as negative emotional traits (negative affect and anxiety), respectively. Cannabis-dependent individuals reported more negative affect on the PANAS (p = 0.013) and higher scores on the Neuroticism (p = 0.004), Impulsivity (p = 0.0002) and Aggression-Hostility (p = 0.0008) subscales of the ZKPQ, as well as a lower mean score on Activity-Energy (p = 0.049). Significant associations were detected between genetic polymorphisms and temperamental traits. Neuroticism was associated with rs6277 (p<0.05), rs2576573 (p<0.01) and rs2609997 (p<0.05), as shown in table 3. There was a significant cannabis-dependence group effect (F = 6.2, p = 0.02) and SNP x cannabis-dependence interaction (F = 4.7, p = 0.03) for the PENK SNP rs2609997, as this SNP was significantly associated with Neuroticism in cannabis-dependent
