From the perspective of schizophrenia, there are no published genes that meet criteria for genome-wide significant association. Indeed other than the data previously reported from the SNP based analysis of the present dataset20, there is only one finding from the GWAS literature that meets the criterion for strong evidence for association (p<5×10−7) used by the WTCCC3. Although that criterion was suggested on the basis of large samples, it is nevertheless interesting that CSF2RA encoding colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, alpha subunit was reported as a potential susceptibility gene (p=3×10−7) based upon the first (small) GWAS study of schizophrenia28. Among the genes we observed of interest in bipolar disorder was CSF2RB (table S2; gene-wide pmin =3.5×10−4). CSF2RB is one of only two CSF2R genes and encodes the beta-subunit with which the other, CSF2RA, forms a functional hetero-dimer. CSF2RB itself has been associated with schizophrenia in a case-control and a family based association sample29 and in addition to its role in forming the CSF2 receptor, it is also a subunit for the interleukin receptors 3 and 5. The present finding therefore clearly
