reduced during all active movement tasks compared with rest (Fig. 3). In controls, we found no significant reduction of state-related PAC during any movement tasks compared with the resting state. The ANOVA also revealed that PAC differences among the conditions were affected by the motor control area [task × region; F(9,333) = 2.64, P = 0.006]. However, since we found no interaction effects among the three factors [task × region × group; F(9,333) = 0.40, P = 0.933], the effect of brain regions was unlikely to have affected the differences between groups.