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Chunk #40 — RESULTS — Similar State-Related PAC during Tapping Tasks between Patients with PD and Controls

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Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in repetitive movements in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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either the slow [F(1,37) = 0.26, P = 0.616] or the fast tapping tasks [F(1,37) = 0.04, P = 0.840]. Therefore, in the following analysis, we pooled the two feedback conditions together. A three-way (group, task, and region) mixed ANOVA performed on the zMVL values averaged over the entire 3-s epochs suggested that state-related PAC was modulated differently in patients and controls by the tasks [group × task; F(3,111) = 4.69, P = 0.004; Fig. 3]. Next, we were interested in group differences across tasks and in the question of whether PAC was altered during movement versus rest. Post hoc Wilcoxon rank-sum testing for between-group comparisons revealed enhanced PAC in patients compared with controls in the resting state, in agreement with previous findings (10). PAC was also enhanced in patients in the pressing task, but not in any of the tapping tasks (all P values > 0.5). Post hoc testing for within-group comparisons showed that state-related PAC in patients was reduced during all active movement tasks compared with rest (Fig. 3). In controls, we found no significant reduction of state-related PAC during any movement tasks compared with the resting state. The ANOVA also revealed that PAC differences among the conditions