The polymorphic CNV component on chromosome 3p26.1 associated with pack-years of smoking also showed border-line significance (p = 0.000254, -log10(p) = 3.59) for the average cigarette smoking per day phenotype among all 2,889 AA subjects (S6 Fig). Again, age and gender, plus average admixture scores (i.e., the estimated percent European ancestry among AA subjects) were included as covariates.