The present study utilized multi-modal neuroimaging to examine both volumetric and diffusion data and their relation to neuropsychological task performance. Importantly, we found that compared to the control group, the AUD group had: 1) lower problem-solving ability, visuospatial memory span, and working memory; 2) smaller volumes in left parsorbitalis, right medial orbitofrontal, right caudal middle frontal regions, and bilateral hippocampi; and 3) lower FA in multiple WM regions and higher FA in the left thalamus. The lower FA values in 6 WM regions were due to higher RD in the AUD group, except the left external capsule (WM03) where FA was explained by lower AD. 4) The FA in bilateral putamen was significantly and positively associated with age, which explained the group differences observed in voxelwise analysis. 5) Canonical dimension explained shared variance among prefrontal and hippocampal volumes, FA values, and neuropsychological task performance. The prefrontal cortical and left hippocampal volumes and FA in WM regions were positively related to visuospatial memory performance and negatively related to lower problem-solving ability. Conversely, FA in the left thalamus was negatively related to visuospatial memory performance and positively related to lower problem-solving ability.
