Consistent with previous reports, AUD participants had smaller volumes compared to controls in left parsorbitalis, right medial orbitofrontal, right caudal middle frontal cortical regions, and bilateral hippocampi (see for a review Zahr and Pfefferbaum, 2017). A recent study by Pfefferbaum et al. (2018) reported significantly steeper reduction of caudal middle frontal, superior frontal, and posterior cingulate cortical regions in heavy-drinking adolescents. Many of the same cortical regions were implicated in both studies, albeit failed surviving a CMT. For example, the superior frontal cortical region reported as significantly affected in the Pfefferbaum et al. (2018) study did not survive a CMT in the present study. Differing methodology (e.g., permutation tests vs. FDR), study design, and sample characteristics (e.g., adolescents vs. adult) likely contributed to these differences. Nevertheless, several findings, including that of caudal middle frontal cortical region, tended to be consistent across studies. Early age of regular drinking onset in the AUD group compared to controls in the present study (Table 1) also supports the conclusion of alcohol use in adolescents affecting cortical volume in these regions in the Pfefferbaum et
