According to the adjusted models (Table 4), males were less likely than females to transition from nicotine use to dependence, and more likely to transition from alcohol and cannabis use to dependence. Individuals younger than 45 years old were significantly more likely to transition to dependence for any of the substances assessed than those older than 45 years old. Compared to White nicotine users, Hispanic nicotine were less likely to transition to dependence and NH/PI and AI/AN nicotine users were more likely to transition to dependence. Compared to White alcohol users, Black alcohol users were less likely to transition to dependence. Compared to White cannabis users, AI/AN cannabis users were more likely to transition to dependence. Compared to White cocaine users, Black cocaine users were notably more likely to transit to dependence.
