A systematic review of the literature published between 1980 and the 4th week of January 2008 was completed using computer searches of the following databases: Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science (including Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index), CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CABS (BIDS), WHOLIST, SIGLE, ETOH, Alcohol in Moderation (alcohol industry database), and Google Scholar. The searches were not restricted geographically or by language.