sterile Becton, Dickinson and Co. gavage needles (27.5 gauge; model #305109) were used. Drug doses and routes of administration were based on previously published in vivo studies in rodents (Nakajima et al., 2009; Stopponi et al., 2011; Wang and Namura, 2011; Bhateja et al., 2012; Wallenius et al., 2013). If the initial dose of the drug was not effective, a higher dose was tested without exceeding the doses used in the studies above.
