Our current study has several limitations. First, the findings reported here are borne out of secondary exploratory analyses, which were not informed by a priori hypotheses. The findings reported here needs to be replicated in future studies that gear specifically toward the examination of never-quitters. Second, the term “never-quitter” describe smokers who were unable to abstain from smoking for >24 hours within the two weeks duration of the current study. Some of the never-quitters might have successfully quit, and relapsed, in the past; others might require multiple attempts and/or a longer time—beyond the current study's 2-week time span—in order to achieve abstinence. Thus, the current findings need to be replicated in future studies that 1) take into account never-quitters’ history of cessation attempts and success and 2) use a prospective longitudinal design that examines the relation between affective reactivity and longer-term cessation success or failure among never-quitters. Third, participants were monitored only for 2 weeks after their scheduled quit date, and thus, the findings from the current study cannot be generalized to describe long-term affect reactivity among controls, abstainers, never-quitters,
