E. Sample 5) JGIDA Japanese methamphetamine-dependent vs control: Japanese subjects were 21% female and averaged 40 years of age. One hundred methamphetamine dependent subjects were in- or outpatients of psychiatric hospitals in these regions that participate in the Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse (JGIDA) [12, 104–116] and met ICD-10-DCR criteria F15.2 and F15.5 for methamphetamine dependence in independent diagnoses made by each of two trained psychiatrists based on interviews and review of records. Ninety one percent revealed histories of methamphetamine psychosis, 89% used methamphetamine intravenously, 62% also abused organic solvents and most abused at least one other substance. Subjects who displayed clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, or organic mental syndromes were excluded. Controls were one hundred age-, gender-, and geographically-matched staff recruited at the same institutions who denied use of any illegal substance, abuse or dependence on any legal substance, any psychotic psychiatric illness, or any family history of substance dependence or psychotic psychiatric illness during interviews with trained psychiatrists.
