Healthy adults (n = 49; 23 male) with no history of psychopathology, and depressed outpatients (n = 49; 22 male) from the Depression Evaluation Service at the New York State Psychiatric Institute were recruited from the New York metropolitan area. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the sample. Participants were excluded from the study if they had a hearing loss greater than 30 dB in either ear at 500, 1000, or 2000 Hz, or if they had an ear difference greater than 10 dB. Participants were also excluded if they had current substance abuse, a history of head trauma, or other neurological disorder. Patients were all drug free for a period of at least 7 days. Control participants were screened using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, nonpatient edition (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1996) to exclude those with current or past psychopathology. Participants in both groups were predominantly right-handed as indicated by their Laterality Quotient (LQ) using the Edinburgh Inventory (Oldfield, 1971). Although handedness has been reported to influence the amplitude of anterior P3 (Alexander & Polich, 1995),
