through genetically calculated kinships computed heritability estimates for a range of clinical conditions. They reported a median heritability of 0.41 (ICD‐9) and 0.31 (ICD‐10) for mental health disorders, but note in their discussion that mental health conditions are generally not well documented in EHRs. 145 In fact, only moderate agreement has been reported for mental health diagnoses from administrative data, that is where an ICD, DSM or other similar reference standard diagnosis is compared with psychiatric diagnoses in routinely recorded data (median kappa = 0.45‐0.55). 146 Large‐scale population registries will provide a valuable resource for identifying the role of sex differences in the prevalence, course and role of genetic and environmental risk factors for mental disorders. Moreover, systematic collection of additional family history information, including enumeration of family members, in large scale case‐control studies could inform our understanding of sex differences in the genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric disorders.
