term for ID, which did not survive correction for multiple testing (Bonferroni correction for six independent tests: p-value threshold = .0083). Secondary analyses of severity of ID (where information was available) indicated that this weak association signal came from mild ID (IQ = 50–70), not moderate (IQ = 35–49) or severe/profound (IQ < 35) ID (Supplemental Table S10). Interaction terms were nonsignificant for epilepsy, developmental coordination disorder, and chromosomal abnormalities.Table 1Results of Logistic Regression Analyses of ADHD Case Status on Comorbid Developmental Conditions, Stratified by Sex, in the Swedish Population Sample (Total N = 1,952,542)OutcomeSex% of ADHD Cases With OutcomeSex-Specific AssociationADHD by Sex InteractionORLCIUCIpORLCIUCIpASDMale14.8218.9118.3319.50< 2.2E-308a1.521.441.612.9E-50aFemale12.0428.6827.3830.04< 2.2E-308aDCDMale1.8617.9016.3819.57< 2.2E-308a0.970.821.14.71Female1.0817.6115.2520.33< 2.2E-308aIDMale5.309.829.3810.28< 2.2E-308a1.111.031.20.0090Female4.8910.8910.2311.60< 2.2E-308aEpilepsyMale2.573.273.093.47< 2.2E-308a1.080.991.19.099Female2.853.553.293.826.6E-238aCongenital MalformationsMale8.201.401.361.451.8E-109a1.111.051.172.5E-04aFemale6.461.541.471.628.9E-72aChromosomal AbnormalitiesMale0.602.962.633.342.7E-70a0.840.681.03.096Female0.522.482.072.969.5E-24aSex is coded as 0 for male and 1 for female. Birth year is included as a covariate.ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; DCD, developmental coordination disorder; ID, intellectual disability; LCI, lower confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; UCI, upper confidence interval.aEstimated p value below a Bonferroni-adjusted threshold for multiple testing (p < .0083).
