Replies to the following NESARC wave 1 questions were used to measure parental history of alcohol, drug problems and incarceration: Before you were 18 years old, was a parent or other adult living in your home a problem drinker or alcoholic? (By alcoholic or problem drinker, I mean a person who had physical or emotional problems because of drinking; problems with a spouse, family, or friends because of drinking; problems at work or school because of drinking; problems with the police because of drinking – like drunk driving; or a person who seemed to spend a lot of time drinking or being hung over.)Before you were 18 years old, did a parent or adult living in your home have some similar problems with drugs?Before you were 18 years old, did a parent or other adult living in your home go to jail or prison?’
